Georgia Griner Family & Related Families with Royal Lineages- A Historical Documentation





This book has been a very long, but rewarding journey. After countless hours of researching and typing- the book is complete. When I began compiling information on the Martin Griner family almost 20 years ago, I had no idea where it would lead. I was so frustrated by the lack of information. The less I found, the more determined I was to find out all I could about this family. In the long run, I discovered more about other family members and family lines. Then, last September when I went to Statesboro, Georgia to really research Martin Griner’s father John Martin Griner- I found a wealth of information on the Griners and on the Alderman family which included a Royal Ancestry chart from a Genealogical Magazine in 1950. Just in the last 4 months, when I was researching this chart, when I searched for information, it came right to me. I somehow contacted the right people through several genealogy societies on the East coast for reference material, and through a genealogist I hired, met the genealogist for the Charlemagne Society which led me to the reference books for the correct lineage information. Just the royal linage information I found added a hundred pages to the book. I created the genealogy book I always searched for.



Here is an outline of my research and the information in the book:

I. I have researched the places our ancestors and family lived and originated from, and have included the history of these places. I have also transcribed all documents to the best of my ability, as some of the older documents are difficult to read.

II. Detailed information on the Jonathan Griner (father) and Martin Griner (son) families. After going over entire census material and analyzing the data, found the real truth about Martin Griner and his family. (He was not the second wealthiest in Marion County, Florida pre-Civil War- only a myth that has been told.)

III. After reviewing land grants in Georgia and comparing old and new maps, I created as for as I can tell, an accurate map along the Savannah River where our Greiner relatives lived. Then, I visited the places and traveled in the heavy wooded areas surrounding the Savannah River.

IV. I found two diaries that told of our German ancestors. The Johann Christoph Bornemann Diary tells of the journey on the boat in coming to the New World with them. The John Wesley diary tells of his experience with the Germans in Georgia. I have included the relevant passages. There is also reference material directly related to our Johann Capser Greiner.

V. I have searched the Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina Archives & courthouses for land grants, probate records, birth/death records, Revolutionary and Civil War records, and other legal records. I also included a portion of the text from A Narrative of the Life and Sufferings of Mrs. Jane Johns. I read this story ten years ago and it had such an impact on me, I knew I had to include it in my book. It tells of life in early Florida and how dangerous it was. Here is the most compelling quote from the woman who was scalped by Indians and lived to tell about it: She lifted up her voice in prayer, and cried unto the Lord, “The enemy hath persecuted my soul, he hath smitten my life down to the ground; he hath made me to dwell in darkness, as those that have been long dead. Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me; my heart within me is desolation.”

VI. I have visited the Revolutionary War and Civil War battlefield sites our ancestors fought on and researched background history. Photographs of battlefields and family property sites as well are in book.

VII. John Martin Griner’s Revolutionary War records, land grants, his signature on 2 neighbors wills, and an actual will he wrote for a dying neighbor. Also, found where his land was by the Savannah River.

VIII. Samuel Alderman family treasures photographed such as Sarah Chestnut Alderman’s coverlet she wove, the cow hide walnut chair, and the drawing of the family’s grandfather clock. A story from Sherman’s visit to the farm and Samuel’s religious poems he wrote are all included.

IX. William Spencer, who is Sarah Jane Alderman Griner’s (Martin Griner of Florida’s wife) fifth great-grandfather, was one of the first settlers of Hartford, Connecticut and was made representative, which led him to be appointed to revise the laws of Connecticut. I have his actual will and many legal documents regarding him- all are in the book. Found his signature and a document he wrote.

X. Royal Lineages from Sarah Jane Alderman Griner- that have been proven to Malcolm II, King of Scots; Henry II (directly related to his acknowledged illegitimate son); Charlemagne; and his ancestry which goes back to the Merovingian dynasty. Included are some background histories and interesting historical information. First hand account from one of Charlemagne’s servants that tells personal details of his life is also in the book.

XI. We also have several grandfathers through royal lineages that fought in the Crusades and two that signed the Magna Carta. I have included the Magna Carta word for word- as it tells the story of our ancestors struggles with King John.

XII. Directions to all the family sites, cemeteries, and battlefields except John Martin Greiner family property by Savannah River. The roads are unmarked, with help, I found it. I can visually get there- but I didn't calculate mileage.

This is only a portion of the material in the book. I wanted to give a brief overview.



GEORGIA GRINER FAMILY & RELATED FAMILY WITH ROYAL LINEAGES book is 433 pages, 6" x 9", jacket-hardcover binding, cream interior paper (50# weight), black and white interior ink, white exterior paper (100# weight), full-color exterior ink, and is indexed very well.

This privately published book cost $50.00 which includes shipping. Orders take up to 3 weeks to print and ship.

Email: grinerbook@yahoo.com for more information.

THE NEXT FEW PAGES ARE PREVIEWS OF THE BOOK


__________


Georgia Griner Family & Related Families with Royal Lineages
A Historical Documentation

Compiled & Written by
Kimberly Rayborn

Privately Published by
KIMBERLY RAYBORN
grinerbook@yahoo.com


Second Edition Print February 2009

©2008 Kimberly Rayborn
Copyright on this compilation belongs to
Kimberly Rayborn

Copying permitted for personal use only.
Commercial use is prohibited by law.


Book is Available for Sell

__________

INSCRIPTION
For all my dear children
& the generations that follow-
May you know your heritage-
And honor it-
And never forget it…



__________

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION I

GRINER GENEALOGY REFERENCE CHART VII

CHAPTER I - OUR EARLY ANCESTORS 1
CHAPTER II - TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS 6

JOHANN CHRISTOPH BORNEMANN DIARY 7

JOHN WESLEY JOURNAL 9

EARLY GEORGIA HISTORY 18

LIFE IN COLONIAL TIMES 23

JOHANN CASPER GREINER 24

ANDREW GREINER 31

PHILIP JACOB GREINER 38

CHAPTER III - PATRIOTS OF HONOR 43

JOHN MARTIN GREINER 48

JOHN GRINET, POSSIBLY JOHN MARTIN GRINER 77

BATTLE OF EUTAW SPRINGS 93

JONATHAN GREINER 107

CHAPTER IV - PROSPERITY 122

WILLIAM J.M. GRINER 122

EARLY FLORIDA HISTORY 131

A NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE AND SUFFERINGS OF MRS. JANE JOHNS 136

THE MARTIN GRINER FAMILY 150

MARTIN GRINER PROBATE ESTATE DOCUMENTS TRANSCRIBED 174

NATHANIEL G.H. GRINER 191

THE BATTLE OF OLUSTEE 193

CHAPTER V - JAMES BUCHANAN GRINER 207

CHAPTER VI - ALDERMAN FAMILY LEGACY 220

CHAPTER VII - WILLIAM SPENCER 277

BRIEF EXPLANATION OF MONEY IN THE 17TH CENTURY 289

CHAPTER VIII - ROYAL LINEAGE 295

NORWEGIAN LINEAGE 299

ENGLISH LINEAGE FROM ETHELRED II 302

SCOTTISH LINEAGE FROM MALCOLM II 305

ENGLISH LINEAGE FROM SAIER DE QUINCY 308

ENGLISH LINEAGE FROM HENRY II 312

GROSVENOR FAMILY LINAGE 315

MAGNA CARTA 317

LINEAGE FROM SAIER DE QUINCY’S WIFE MARGARET DE BEAUMONT TO CLOVIS, FRANKISH KING OF COLOGNE 332

DESCENDANTS OF JOHANN CASPAR GREINER 336

1890 UNITED STATES CENSUS 353

BLUE BACK SPELLER 355

HISTORY OF ASHBY DE LA ZOUCHE CASTLE 359

WILL OF RANDALL GROSVENOR 360

THOMAS BULKELEY WILL 365

BRIEF HISTORIES OF ROYAL ANCESTORS 370

HUGH DE GRANDMESNIL 375

HISTORY OF THE ZOUCHE FAMILY 377

CHARLEMAGNE, KING OF THE FRANKS 379

POSSIBLE LINEAGE TO MARCUS ANTONIUS FROM MALCOLM II 390

POSSIBLE LINEAGE OUTLINE OF MARCUS ANTONIUS TO MALCOLM II 393

INDEX 397

REFERENCES 405



__________


Documents & Photographs
Figure 1: Griner Genealogy Reference Chart vii
Figure 2: The Jerusalem Lutheran Church 12
Figure 3: The Jerusalem Lutheran Church 13
Figure 4: Salzburger Monument of Reconciliation 14
Figure 5: Salzburger Monument of Reconciliation Marker 15
Figure 6: The Town Of Ebenezer Marker 16
Figure 7: Silk Culture at Ebenezer Marker 17
Figure 8: Burton’s Ferry Marker 21
Figure 9: Burton’s Ferry on the Savannah River 22
Figure 10: Original John Greiner South Carolina Land Grant 26
Figure 11: John Greiner Land Grant, Continued 27
Figure 12: John Greiner Land Grant, Continued 28
Figure 13: Peter Francis Land Document 29
Figure 14: Andrew Greiner Land Grant 33
Figure 15: Andrew Greiner Land Grant, Continued 34
Figure 16: Barbara Greiner Land Grant 36
Figure 17: Barbara Greiner Land Grant, Continued 37
Figure 18: Jacob Greiner Land Grant 39
Figure 19: Jacob Greiner Land Grant May 1786 40
Figure 20: Jacob Greiner Land Grant, continued 41
Figure 21: Philip Griner South Carolina Revolutionary War Pension 44
Figure 22: Philip Griner South Carolina Revolutionary War Pension 45
Figure 23: Philip Greiner Probate Document 46
Figure 24: Ruprecht Eischperger's property 50
Figure 25: John Martin Greiner Land Grant dated March 17, 1786 51
Figure 26: John Martin Greiner Land Grant, Continued 52
Figure 27: John Martin Greiner Land Grant, Continued 53
Figure 28: Photograph of John Martin Griner's Property by Savannah River 54
Figure 29: Photographs of John Martin Greiner’s land 55
Figure 30: More John Martin Greiner Land Photographs 56
Figure 31: John Martin Greiner heir’s land sale 57
Figure 32: John Martin Greiner heir’s land sale, continued 58
Figure 33: Nicholas Fisher Last Will & Testament 61
Figure 34: John Martin Greiner’s signature on Nicholas Fisher’s will 63
Figure 35: Document written and signed by John Martin Greiner 64
Figure 36: John Martin Greiner’s signature 65
Figure 37: Michael Beaner’s Last Will & Testament 66
Figure 38: Michael Beaner Last Will & Testament, Continued 67
Figure 39: Michael Beaner Last Will & Testament, Continued 68
Figure 40: Michael Beaner Last Will & Testament, Continued 71
Figure 41: Michael Beaner Last Will & Testament, Continued 72
Figure 42: Michael Beaner Last Will & Testament, Continued 73
Figure 43: John M. Greiner Revolutionary War South Carolina Document 75
Figure 44: John M. Greiner Revolutionary War South Carolina Record 76
Figure 45: John Grinet Revolutionary War South Carolina Record 78
Figure 46: John Grinet Revolutionary War South Carolina Record 79
Figure 47: John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension Record 81
Figure 48: John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension, Continued 82
Figure 49: John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension, Continued 83
Figure 50: John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension, Continued 84
Figure 51: John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension, Continued 85
Figure 52: John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension, Continued 86
Figure 53: John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension, Continued 87
Figure 54: John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension, Continued 88
Figure 55: John Griner’s rejected pension. 92
Figure 56: Photograph of Battlefield of Eutaw Springs 97
Figure 57: Battlefield of Eutaw Springs Monument 98
Figure 58: Grave of Major Majoribanks Marker 99
Figure 59: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Eutaw Springs Battlefield 100
Figure 60: Northhampton Plantation Marker at Eutaw Springs Battlefield 101
Figure 61: Santee Limestone Marker at Eutaw Springs Battlefield 102
Figure 62: Limestone and Marl Formations Marker at Eutaw Springs Battlefield 103
Figure 63: Photographs of Eutaw Springs Battlefield 104
Figure 64: Map of Savannah River where our Greiner Ancestors Lived 105
Figure 65: Complete Hannah Cone document 109
Figure 66: Complete Hannah Cone document, Continued 110
Figure 67: Marriage Record for Jonathan Griner and Nancy Anna Kirby 112
Figure 68: Jonathan Greiner Land Deed to Daughter Terresseel Ann 114
Figure 69: Jonathan Greiner Land Deed to Daughter Terressee Ann 115
Figure 70: Jonathan Greiner Land Grant, Bulloch County, Georgia 118
Figure 71: Jonathan Greiner Land Grant, Bulloch County, Georgia, Continued 119
Figure 72: Second Jonathan Greiner Land Grant 120
Figure 73: Second Jonathan Greiner Land Grant, Continued 121
Figure 74: William J.M. Griner grave in Wilson Family Cemetery 125
Figure 75: Wilson Family Cemetery – September 2007 126
Figure 76: Martin Griner Bulloch County, Georgia Land Grant 1839 127
Figure 77: Martin Griner Bulloch County, Georgia Land Grant 1839, Continued 128
Figure 78: Martin Griner Bulloch County Land Grant Dated March 1838 129
Figure 79: Martin Griner Bulloch County Land Grant Dated 1838 Continued 130
Figure 80: Martin Griner marriage record to Sarah Jane Alderman 149
Figure 81: Martin Griner & Brinson Legal Document 152
Figure 82: Griner School House 158
Figure 83: Map of the community of Griner Farm and Oak in 1915 159
Figure 84: Griner Farm School location 160
Figure 85: The Oak-Griner Baptist Church 160
Figure 86: Martin Griner House Location 161
Figure 87: 1855 Marion County, Florida Census listing of Martin Griner 164
Figure 88: 1855 Marion County, Florida Census listing of Martin Griner 165
Figure 89: 1860 Marion County, Florida Slave Index listing Martin Griner 166
Figure 90: Martin Griner’s Property in 1860 and near the Griner Cemetery 170
Figure 91: Martin Griner Probate Record 171
Figure 92: Martin Griner Probate Record, Continued 172
Figure 93: Martin Griner Probate Record, Continued 173
Figure 94: Nathaniel Griner Grave 192
Figure 95: The Battle of Olustee Monument 193
Figure 96: Battle of Olustee Monument and Battlefield 194
Figure 97: The Battle of Olustee Battlefield 195
Figure 98: The Battle of Olustee Battlefield 196
Figure 99: John & Mary Griner Leitner's Property 200
Figure 100: Mary Ann Griner Leitner Grave in Anthony Cemetery 201
Figure 101: John Daniel Leitner Grave in Anthony Cemetery 202
Figure 102: Anthony Cemetery in Anthony Florida 203
Figure 103: Edgar Nicodemus Leitner Grave 203
Figure 104: Florence Charlotte Leitner Grave 204
Figure 105: Flavius Jewette Leitner Grave 204
Figure 106: Mary Adella Leitner Grave 205
Figure 107: Kirby A. Griner Grave 205
Figure 108: Henry Robert Griner and Amanda Townsend Grave 206
Figure 109: James Buchanan Griner at age 19 208
Figure 110: James Buchanan Griner Grave 212
Figure 111: Photograph of Mernice and Floyd Griner at Old Home Place in Anthony 215
Figure 112: Photograph of Oak-Griner Baptist Church 215
Figure 113: Photograph of Reece James, Edith Adel, Ruby Charlotte, & James Buchanan Griner before 1916 216
Figure 114: Photograph of James Buchanan, Edith Adel, Ruby, & Pearl in San Diego, California around 1920 216
Figure 115: Photograph of Pearl, Floyd, Ruby, & Edith Adel Griner in San Diego, CA about 1918 217
Figure 116: Edith Adel Griner in San Diego, CA about 1918 217
Figure 117: Photograph of James Buchanan Griner, Marie, & Ruby 218
Figure 118: Mernice, Floyd, Pearl, Ruby, & James Buchanan Griner 218
Figure 119: Edith Merriam and her sister, supposedly 219
Figure 120: Sarah Jane Alderman – date unknown 221
Figure 121: Daniel Alderman Will 226
Figure 122: Daniel Alderman Will, continued 227
Figure 123: David Alderman Revolutionary War Record 230
Figure 124: David Alderman Revolutionary War Record, Continued 231
Figure 125: David Alderman Revolutionary War Amy Account Record 232
Figure 126: Second David Alderman Revolutionary War Army Account Record 233
Figure 127: Third David Alderman Revolutionary War Amy Account Record 233
Figure 128: Thomas Hall Will 235
Figure 129: David Alderman & Jemima Hall Alderman Graves 237
Figure 130: Samuel Alderman Land on Banks Dairy Road 239
Figure 131: Bethlehem Primitive Baptist Church 239
Figure 132: Samuel Alderman Land Grant 241
Figure 133: Samuel Alderman Land Grant, Continued 242
Figure 134: Samuel Alderman Poems 243
Figure 135: Samuel Alderman Poems, Continued 244
Figure 136: Samuel Alderman Poems, Continued 245
Figure 137: Samuel Alderman Poems, Continued 246
Figure 138: Samuel Alderman Poems, Continued 247
Figure 139: Samuel Alderman Poems, Continued 248
Figure 140: Samuel Alderman Poems, Continued 249
Figure 141: Samuel Alderman Poems, Continued 250
Figure 142: Samuel Alderman Poems, Continued 251
Figure 143: Samuel Alderman Property Sale 260
Figure 144: Samuel Alderman Probate Estate Appraisement 262
Figure 145: Alderman Family Tombstone Brennan Cemetery 265
Figure 146: Brennan Cemetery 267
Figure 147: Samuel Alderman Grandfather Clock 272
Figure 148: Samuel Alderman’s chair 273
Figure 149: Sarah Alderman Coverlet 1820 274
Figure 150: Signature of William Spencer 285
Figure 151: Record made by William Spencer, Town Clerk, 1632-1635 286
Figure 152: William Spencer’s Last Will & Testament 287
Figure 153: Map of Hartford, Connecticut 1640 294
Figure 154: Royal Ancestry Chart, Part I 297
Figure 155: Royal Ancestry Chart, Part II 298
Figure 156: Mark/Brand of Jonathan Griner and Philip Griner 350
Figure 157: Marks and Brands Basic Alphabet 350
Figure 158: Stoney Creek Landing 351
Figure 159: Stoney Creek Landing 352
Figure 160: Land near Burton's Ferry 352
Figure 161: John Martin Greiner Signature 354
Figure 162: Thomas and Elizabeth Bulkeley Tomb 363
Figure 163: Engraving from Childeric's Tomb 373



__________



Author’s Note

When I was about eight years old, I stumbled upon some genealogy charts in a desk drawer. I was intrigued about who the people were that I had never known. That discovery began my lifelong curiosity about my ancestors- which had led me to write this book. Early in my research, one day the thought of writing a book on the Griners quickly flashed in my mind. Seeing the little information I had found, I thought the idea to be preposterous. Forward to almost twenty years later in 2007, I realized all the information I had collected was a book!

This is by no means a complete Greiner/Griner and related families genealogy book. This book highlights documentation I have found after many years of research on family lines. My intent for this book is to educate our family of our great heritage and for my ancestors to be seen contextually in American History. I want my ancestors to be remembered for their courage to cross the Atlantic Ocean and live in the New World; and be appreciated for their sacrifice and legacy as early Americans that helped shape the beginning our country.

My research has taken countless hours and devotion. I was always inspired to continue. There is undoubtedly records I have overlooked or that were not available to me- genealogy is a continuing search. What little I do not have documented from records- are noted as such. Most genealogy information in the book is backed up by documentation in my possession. In the beginning, I researched background history for my benefit. Afterwards, I decided to include the historical information and interesting facts I learned as well. The historical research for this book comes from reliable historical accounts and/or educational sources. If there are any errors in any part of this book- please forgive. The translations of the documents featured in this book I have tried my best to do correctly.

...Follow every lead and instinct- no matter how unimportant it may appear- all my instincts have led to major family research finds. Let me tell you a story on one of most exciting research finds. While researching in 1995 at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, the name ‘Nicholas Fisher’ appeared on a land grant entry for my 5th great-grandfather John Martin Greiner in Georgia. Nicholas Fisher was among two other names I found listed. When I saw that name- I knew I needed to search that name. I searched the name and found nothing of importance. Then, one day in 2007, I went to the Georgia Archives website and was looking at their online records. I typed in that name- and I found Nicholas Fisher’s will- and where my grandfather John Martin Greiner- signed as a witness in the late 1700’s. Some leads took years to be able to fully investigate- as records are constantly being added/updated to the Internet and to local libraries.

Be thorough and keep records of all your searches. Regarding record keeping and notes, it is of the utmost importance to keep an organized and neat filing system of all your work. For many years, I used a cardboard box because I had so few files. If you keep searching on a regular basis, you will find information. The documents and research notes will increase- and from the beginning- keep it organized. It will save hours of time later when you are looking for a particular document or research notes. Do not take information from just ‘any’ website or ‘any’ book- make sure they have references of reliable sources as information and double check the information yourself. In all the information I received and was able to research- I found a few errors- not many, but enough to where now I check all the factual birth, marriage, and death dates to best of my abilities on my direct ancestors especially and their children. Many records are lost due to time and such disasters as fire- so just search the best you can- that is all anyone can do.

I hope I have organized the information presented in this book in an easy to read format. I have provided a true and accurate account of our family history based on land deeds, legal records, personal writings, and reliable witness accounts. I feel a duty to record it for my family and for the generations to come. Besides my calling in life as a mother, I firmly believe I was meant to write my family history. This book has been a long process and a labor of love. At times, it has almost been a spiritual experience as the past seemed to beckon me to continue when I felt over-whelmed and it seemed the end was no where in sight.

When I first began my research, I looked for a book like this one with all the facts and documents included in a single book. Now I know why there was no such book yet, as this was my project to complete. I hope this book will inspire others to take the time to do genealogy, and maybe even write a book.

I feel honored to write about my heritage and hope all family who reads this book and my future books will feel the same honor and reverence I feel toward my ancestors.

Kimberly Rayborn, August 2008


__________



This chart is to help simplify the reading of the documented ancestors in this book from Chapter I through Chapter V. They are labeled as a number for easier reference. Complete genealogy information on these individuals and their families is listed in the Appendix on page 336.

Johann Casper Greiner (1)
John Casper Greiner (2)
Peter Francis Greiner*
Andrew Greiner (3)
Barbara Greiner*
Philip Jacob Greiner (4)
John Casper Greiner (5)
Christian Philip Greiner (7)
John Martin Greiner (6)
John (Jonathan) Greiner (8)
Martin Griner (9)
William J. M Griner (10)
Nanthaniel G.H. Griner (11)
Mary Ann Griner (12)
James Buchanan Griner (13) married Edith Merriam (14)

*Limited documentation

Figure 1: Griner Genealogy Reference Chart


__________

Our Early Ancestors

According to German and Austrian Archives, the Griner family is documented back to the 13th century to the town of Grein, Austria. Grein is located on the Danube River between the cities of Linz and Vienna. A glass factory was built at in Walkersbach in the Ducy of Wurttemberg (near Stuggart, Germany) in 1262. Greiner family members were brought there by the Duke of Wurttenberg to manage the factory. Many glass factories were built in this region of Shurwald and the Greiners were managers of many of them. Many Greiners were also foresters and farmers in this area.

Austria at the beginning of the Christian era was sparsely inhabited by Illyrian and Celtic people. The Illyrians were an ancient people that lived in southeastern Europe. (Note: Macedonia’s Philip II, the father of Alexander the Great, in 358 BC defeated the Illyrians.) The Romans invaded the region in 15 BC and built outpost for defensive and offensive action against various barbarian tribes. The wealth the Romans brought to Austrian region eventually caused the tribes of Germanic people to attack the Roman outpost and eventually gain control over the land during the 4th century. Many battles ensued for control of the region and territorial ownership changed many times. Between 976 and 1246 AD the Babenberg rulers of Austria built cities, roads, encouraged trade, and participated in the Crusades. (Note: Leopold V of Austria accused Richard I of England of arranging the murder of his cousin and captured him on his journey home and handed him over to the emperor Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI.) During the late 13th century when our ancestors lived there, the land was ruled by King Ottokar of Bohemia from 1253-1278. He was defeated in 1278 by the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf I of Hasburg.
Apparently by the city of Grein, Austria the waters of the Danube River were once turbulent and unpredictable. The name ‘Gren’ is supposedly an onomatopoetic name taken from the cries of drowning sailors in once fierce whirlpools that were deadly. With modern technology, that portion of the River has been tamed.

Grein was a flourishing city in the early 13th century because of its location on the Danube River. The city was left in flames during a battle in 1476. Another war with King Corvinus damaged Grein. The Castle of Greinburg was erected in the late 15th century and still stands today. The historical city theatre that was built in 1791 is the oldest active German-speaking Theater in Europe. Today Grein is one of the smallest towns in Austria with less than 3,000 people.

During the Stone Age, the forest of Germany was occupied by groups of wandering hunters and gatherers. These people belonged to the earliest forms of Homo sapiens that lived about 400,000 years ago. From 1800-400BC, Celtic people in southern Germany and Austria developed advanced metalworking cultures. The Teutons, who were Germanic tribes of obscure northern origin, absorbed much of the Celtic culture and over time displaced the Celts. The ancient people known as the Germans represented a diverse people of Celtic and Teutonic peoples and culture. The writings of the Romans Julius Caesar and Cornelius Tacitus describe these so called barbarian people. The Germans were denounced for their heavy drinking, constant fighting, and atrocities such as human sacrifice. The Romans also commended the virtue of Germanic women.

Note: The Teutons were defeated in Battle of Aquae Sextiae in modern day France in 102 BC by the Romans. St. Jerome’s Letter CXXIII to appeal to the widow Ageruchia, highborn lady of Gaul, not to marry again in 409 AD writes: “I will just glance at the queen of Carthage who was willing to burn herself rather than marry king Iarbas; at the wife of Hasdrubal who refused to survive the fall of Carthage. The story is told by Polybius who taking her two children one in each hand cast, herself into the flames beneath her rather than surrender her honour; and at Lucretia who having lost the prize of her chastity refused to survive the defilement of her soul…. I will merely relate one which took place in your own country and which will shew you that chastity is held in high honour even among wild and barbarous and cruel peoples. Once the Teutons who came from the remote shores of the German Ocean overran all parts of Gaul, and it was only when they had cut to pieces several Roman armies that Marius at last defeated them in an encounter at Aquæ Sextiæ. The battle of Aix was fought in 102 BC. By the conditions of the surrender three hundred of their married women were to be handed over to the Romans. When the Teuton matrons heard of this stipulation they first begged the consul that they might be set apart to minister in the temples of Ceres and Venus; The priestesses in these temples seem to have been vowed to chastity. and then when they failed to obtain their request and were removed by the lictors, they slew their little children and next morning were all found dead in each other’s arms having strangled themselves in the night.”

By the 11th century, aristocrats dominated most of Germany. Most Germans during the Middle Ages lived in small, rural communities and worked the land. Most peasant families who worked the soil were free tenant farms that gave nobles a share of their annual harvest as rent. These people also had to rely on secular and ecclesiastical patrons for protection from invaders, criminals, and natural disasters.

The life of a peasant was difficult. Infant and child mortality rates were high; only one out of two children born reached adulthood. Most houses consisted of one-room wooden or mud shacks that housed the entire family and sometimes domesticated animals. Bread, vegetables, beer, and wine were the main stable in their diet. Meat was expensive and reserved generally for special occasions and holidays.

When the plague or “black death” surfaced in the later Middle Ages, as many as 5 million Germans died from 1348-1350. Later outbreaks prevented the population from recovering until 1500. The decrease in the labor supply generally meant that leases and wages would be favorable.

The town of Freinsheim, Germany, where our first Griner ancestor is recorded from, is located along the German Wine Road in the state of Rhineland-Pfalz. It has ruins dating back to the late Bronze Age and Roman times. The late Bronze Age Urn field Culture dates back to 1300 – 750 BC. This ancient culture had a custom of cremating the dead and placing their ashes in the urns which were buried in fields.

The Romans who occupied the Freinsheim area 2,000 years ago, introduced wine cultivation to the region. In 1340, the town grew rich from wine production and was able to buy itself out of feudal servitude. They immediately built a defensive wall and a series of towers encircling the town which was completed in 1470 to protect from invaders. During the War of Palatinate Succession, French troops burned most of the town. Only the walls and watch towers remained after the attack. Only the five towers now remain out of the 19 originally built. The fairy tale looking town that exists today arose from those ashes. Cobblestone streets and a footpath along the inside wall still exist to this day.



__________



Trials and Tribulations

The Georgia Greiners were part of a religious group of German-speaking Lutherans called Salzburgers. The Catholic Archbishop Court Firmian in 1731 issued the Edict of Expulsion because the Protestants of the Province of Salzburg continued to follow the teachings of Martin Luther. Lutheran Pastor Samuel Ulrsperger of Ausburg (present day Germany) and his organization sought refuge for these tormented people. King George, who himself was a Lutheran, emphasized with these people and their hardships. He offered them a new home in the new colony of Georgia in America.

The first groups of Salzburgers refugees left England for their journey in January 1734 on the ship named the Purysburg, under Captain Tobias Pry. The voyage to the New World lasted 63 days. When the ship arrived at the Savannah River, the founder of the Georgia Colony General James Oglethorpe greeted them. Several hundred Salzburgers continued to arrive until 1752.

The name for their town Ebenezer came from the Salzburger Pastors. The story goes that during a terrible storm near the end of their voyage, they were reading from the Bible. Among these readings, was I Samuel 7:12 where Samuel placed a stone where God had saved his people from their enemy. He named the stone ‘Eben Ezer’ meaning stone of help. General James Oglethorpe named the town, its stream, and the Parish ‘Ebenezer.’ This first Ebenezer settlement was in Purrysburg, South Carolina. It failed due to being too far inland, the soil was infertile, and no clear waterway existed to the Savannah River. Damp conditions also caused sickness and death the first two years. The settlement moved to Georgia and the Greiners were among the first families to settle there.

Records exist today from Johann Christoph Bornemann, who tells of the journey across the Atlantic Ocean with some of the exiled Germans in 1752. Note: His wife Carolina Greve gave birth to the first white child in Screven County, Georgia. Henrieta Bornemann was born January 12, 1755. While the Bournemann and Greve families were escaping to safety on water to Ebenezer during an Indian rebellion on September 27, 1756, the child Henrieta died. Here are some passages from his journey to Georgia:

October 8 – “The sea again is very rough, the wind remains contrary, and is increasing. The ship is moving up and down, and it is hardly possible to walk a single step. In the afternoon, the storm became so fierce that the captain had all sails taken down. Only minutes later, a heavy rained poured down… we also were afraid that the heavy freight might get out of balance and kill us all, or turn over the ship. We hope very urgently that it will be better tomorrow. What will become of us? The rage of the storm does not decrease. So far, I have not been overly concerned. But when I saw the sailors becoming fearful, I lost my courage, too. All sailing equipment was stowed away. The steering wheel was tied down with a rope, and now the ship was left to rage the wind and waves. The behavior of the sailors had always been a signal to me where to not the situation was desperate…”
October 10- “The storm reached its peak this morning. It looked as if the waves had decided to swallow the ship… The ship was like a tea-cup in a big kettle… the peak of the waves were above our ship. Sometimes the storm took one wave and threw it on top of the next, or the second wave just jumped over the front. Sometimes the ship cut through a wave, sometimes it was carried by one. Sometimes the ship was buried by water… But God Almighty did not forsake us… The sea, however, remained wild during the whole day and following night. “
October 31- “The food gets worse. Water gets scarce and taste extremely bad. The containers must not have been cleaned enough when they were filed. It looks muddy, as if someone had stirred it constantly. The water can only be improved by adding a portion of rum to it…”
November 24- “May the Lord help us that this trip will end soon. There is a great need for food. We still have some flour and a few dried peas, but no salt and no fat. There is still some bread, and the water seems to have become a little tastier than before. There is also some beef left, but the unclean conditions in the kitchen prevent us from eating it. The same is true for the stinking pork. Even the sailors do not want to eat it anymore…” Note: On November 25, the ship finally entered the Savannah River.

John Wesley, evangelist and founder of Methodism, went to Georgia as an Anglican missionary in 1735. He kept a journal during his time there. Here are some passages:
December 25, 1735- “….At seven I went to the Germans. I had long before observed the great seriousness of their behavior. Of their humility they had given a continual proof, by performing those servile offices for the other passengers, which none of the English would undertake; for which they desired, and would receive no pay, saying, “it was good for their proud hearts,” and “their loving Savior had done more for them.” And everyday had given them occasion of showing a meekness which no injury could move. If they were pushed, struck, or thrown down, they rose again and went away; but no complaint was found in their mouth. There was now an opportunity of trying whether they were delivered from the spirit of fear, as well as from that of pride, anger, and revenge. In the midst of the psalm wherewith their service began, the sea broke over, split the main-sail in pieces, covered the ship, and poured in between the decks, as if the great deep had already swallowed us up. A terrible screaming began among the English; The Germans calmly sung on. I asked one of them afterwards, “Were you not afraid?” He answered, “I thank God, no.” I asked, “But were not your women and children afraid?” He replied, mildly, “No; our women and children are not afraid to die….” (These were German Moravians on his ship.)”
February 24, 1736- “At our return the next day, (Mr. Quincy being then in the house wherein we afterwards were,) Mr. Delamotte and I took up our lodging with the Germans. We had now an opportunity, day by day, of observing their whole behavior. For we were in one room with them from morning to night, unless for the little time I spent in walking. They were always employed, always cheerful themselves, and in good humor with one another; they had put away all anger, and strife, and wrath, and bitterness, and clamor, and evil speaking; they walked worthy of the vocation wherewith they were called, and adorned the Gospel of our Lord in all things.”
December 2, 1737- “Old-Ebenezer, where the Saltzburghers settled at first, lies twenty-five miles west of Savannah. A small creek runs by the town, down to the river, and many brooks run between the little hills: But the soil is a hungry, barren sand; and upon any sudden shower, the brooks rise several feet perpendicular, and overflow whatever is near them. Since the Saltzburghers removed, two English families have been placed there: But these too say, that the land is good for nothing; and that the creek is of little use; it being by water twenty miles to the river; and the water generally so low in summer-time, that a boat cannot come within six or seven miles of the town. New Ebenezer, to which the Saltzburghers removed in March, 1736, lies six miles eastward from the old, on a high bluff, near the Savannah River. Here are some tracts of fruitful land, though the greatest part of that adjoining to the town is pine barren. The huts, sixty in number, are neatly and regularly built; the little piece of ground allotted to each for a garden is every where put to the best use, no spot being left unplanted. Nay, even one of the main streets, being one more than was as yet wanted, bore them this year a crop of Indian corn.”

The Salzburgers organized the first church and orphanage in Georgia; and built the first grist mill, rice mill, saw mill, and silk business in the state of Georgia. The Jerusalem Evangelical Lutheran Church was completed in 1769 from formed clay bricks dug from the banks of the Savannah River. British troops occupied the area and used the church for a hospital. They burned the pews, the library including the Bible, and the pastors’ journals. There are several bullet holes remaining from the Revolutionary War. The British soldiers plundered patriot homes and targeted them for canon practice. The British left the settlement in ruins and it never recovered. During the Civil War, Sherman’s Union troops occupied the church in 1864. Again, pews and old hymn books were burned. The Georgia Germans were pressured to assimilate after the Revolution and many surnames were Anglicized and no longer German.



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



The Salzburgers organized the first church and orphanage in Georgia; and built the first grist mill, rice mill, saw mill, and silk business in the state of Georgia. The Jerusalem Evangelical Lutheran Church was completed in 1769 from formed clay bricks dug from the banks of the Savannah River. British troops occupied the area and used the church for a hospital. They burned the pews, the library including the Bible, and the pastors’ journals. There are several bullet holes remaining from the Revolutionary War. The British soldiers plundered patriot homes and targeted them for canon practice. The British left the settlement in ruins and it never recovered. During the Civil War, Sherman’s Union troops occupied the church in 1864. Again, pews and old hymn books were burned. The Georgia Germans were pressured to assimilate after the Revolution and many surnames were Anglicized and no longer German. (i.e. ‘Greiner’ to ‘Griner’)
All that remains of the New Ebenezer settlement is a church and cemetery that is located in what is now Ebenezer Road in Rincon, Georgia



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



John Martin Greiner Revolutionary War Pension reads:

Declaration of Jonathan Griner for the pension of his father John M. Griner, a Revolutionary Soldier.
State of Georgia Superior Court
Bullock County September Term 1846

On this 7th day of September personally appeared in open court, Johnathan Griner, a resident of Bulloch County, State of Georgia, aged sixty seven years, who being first duly sworn according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefits of the provision made by the act of Congress passed in 1818. That he has heard and fully believes that his father John M. Griner enlisted in the regular service at the commencement of the Revolutionary War, and served as a regular soldier during most of the war, but this declarment does not precisely recollect the period when his father entered the service, the length of the his service, or the names of the officer under whom his father served. Delcarment has heard from his father that he fought at the Battle of Eutaw Springs under Gen. Green and he knows that his father --page ends

received during the war, a severe wound in one of his legs, for declarment has often seen the wound. Declarments father during the war resided on the Savannah River in Screven County, State of Georgia, where royalist in course of the war, deprived him of all he possessed, drove away and killed and appropriated all his cattle, his principal property, robbed him and his family of the necessary means of substance and burnt down all his houses, so that declarments father and family were cast upon the world without house or homes suffering every hardship and privation and misery that poverty and war could inflict. The declarent believes that his father had already formed the resolution to apply for his pension, when death in the year 1807, defeated his good purpose. And since the, delcarent has failed to apply for his fathers’ pension by reason of the many obstacles which seemed to prevent themselves in the prosecution of such an undertaking. Yet, Declarent hopes and believes, that he will be entitled by the equality of the Statures of Congress in such cases, made and provided to whatever sum of money that might have been drawn by his father for his services, had he survived to have established his claim. Declarent father died --page ends

in 1807, as he believes,...


John Martin Greiner South Carolina Revolutionary War Record



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



Jonathan Greiner
Jonathan Greiner (8), son of John Martin Greiner (6), was born December 17, 1768 and died after 1858. (His death has been recorded incorrectly as being 1851 in records.) He married Nancy Anna Kirby or Kerby (have seen it spelled both ways in documents) September 9, 1809. Nancy Kirby is listed as being ‘Ann Griner’ aged 77 and living with her son Martin Griner in Marion County, Florida 1860 Census. There is no death record of her in Marion County, Florida Courthouse.

Note: I have found little documentation on Nancy Anna Kirby’s family
The following children were born:
i. Martin Griner (9) born 1810 and died 1872.
ii. Joann Griner born 1810.
iii. Syrene Griner born 1812.
iv. Hannah Griner born 1814.
v. Terressee Ann Griner born 1816.
vi. Mary Griner born 1818.
vii. Ellen J. Griner born 1826
The book Georgia Salzburgers and Allied Families by Mrs. Pearl Rahn Gnann, who was a genealogist for the Georgia Salzburger Society, list Jonathan Greiner and his wife Nancy as the parents of Martin, Joann, Syrene, Hannah, Terressee, Mary, and Ellen. There are no other birth records from that time recorded, hence this is the only proof we have of Jonathan Greiner and his children. Jonathan Greiner is listed on a legal document dated January 1855 in Bulloch County, Georgia where he is owed money. He is also a witness on several land deeds for the some Kirby (wife’s family) and Griner relatives. (See pages 111-112)

In 1853, Jonathan Greiner lived on his daughter Hannah Griner Cones’s property. He was administrator of her estate at her death and probate records in Bulloch County, Georgia read:
“The following is an inventory and appraisement of Jonathan Greiners on the Estate of Hannah Cone deceased this 14 July 1853. Four hundred acres land in judging the plantation where Jonathan Greiner lives valued at $400.00.” Below is this part of the document:



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



.....Before the Civil War, Marion County, Florida was over 8,600 people and nearly 1200 lived in Ocala. Less than half the population was white. Nearly 90 percent of the men eligible to fight in the war served the Confederacy. With the men fighting in war, the women had to take over the running of farms and plantations, for the most part. One woman, Adella Hull Phillips, told of her duties of gathering the 100 range cattle to pen up every night, with the help of her younger brother. The family hid their hogs on an island in Orange Lake, and she had to swim her horse there to feed the hogs. Marion County was one of the first to officially call for secession from the Union. In November 1860, in the town square of Ocala, a white banner with a blue star along the embroidered words “leave us alone” appeared.

The diaries and memoirs of Julia Simmons Haisley and Maria Baker Taylor give us insight into the life during the Civil War in Marion County, Florida. Spinning wheels and looms were used again to make fabric for clothing. Flour, tea, coffee, refined sugar, salt, and other commodities slowly disappeared. Fields were still cultivated to some extent and all homes had to become self-sufficient.

The blockade by the Union of the Florida coast had made scarce even common items such as paper and notebooks by 1864. Mrs. Taylor wrote her diary on any paper she could find- including the back of wallpaper. Her plantation Osceola Plantation near Ocala, supplied 77,000 pounds of raw sugar to the Confederate Army. Inflation made the price of sugar $2.35 per pound at that time. Mrs. Taylor writes of paying $500 for several tin baking pans and a dozen tin cups; $600 for three lengths of material to make dresses; and $100 for four rows of sewing pins.

In 1890, the area also had many small orange groves that were growing and producing. Apparently, the “Big Freeze” struck in 1895 and many of the groves were ruined. A second freeze a few years later finished off the orange groves and tropical plantings.

On the next few pages is a true story which I feel needs to be told. In this modern age, we do not realize the hardships our ancestors went through and the everyday risk many faced with the neighboring Indians. I read this story ten years ago and it had such a profound influence on me, I had to include this.




SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



A Narrative of the Life and Sufferings of Mrs. Jane Johns
Who Was Barbarously Wounded and Scalped
by Seminole Indians, In East Florida

“Every man shall give as he is able, according to the blessing of the Lord thy God, which he hath given thee.” – Deut. 16. xvii
Published Exclusively For Her Benefit Charleston 1837

Narrative Chapter 1
In the records of Indian warfare, a more interesting case of extreme suffering, singular adventure and wonderful escape from the hands of savages has probably never occurred, than in that of the unfortunate subject of the following narrative. May have been the victims who have fallen beneath the tomahawk, or before the Indian arrow or rifle; of these some have been scalped after, and some undoubtedly before life became extinct; but few have survived the combined effects of the rifle, the scalping knife and fire, as occurred in the case of the young lady, whose suffering we are now about to detail.

The parents of Mrs. Johns occupied a respectable station in East Florida, and had, previous to incursions of the Indians, accumulated a sufficiency of worldly goods to render them comfortably independent. It appears they were pious and contented Christians, floating easily down the tranquil stream of life, to the year of 1813, when they were first aroused from their sweet repose of peace and quiet, by the fierce yell of savage sons of the forest. Here commenced the first act of Indian tragedy, in which this worthy family bore a conspicuous part, and in which (although then in embryo) Jane was unconscious participator.

At this period, Mr. and Mrs. Hall, the father and mother of the present Mrs. Johns, dwelt upon the borders of Trout Creek, which empties itself into the superb river St. John, when the whole of this district became devastated by Seminole Indians, who appeared in a considerable body in the immediate neighborhood of their residence. Mr. and Mrs. Hall fled at night, but only in time to hear the wailings and lamentations of their friends and neighbors, many of whom were sacrificed.; among then, were James Hollingsworth and Daniel Pritchard, whose scalps were subsequently presented to the Spanish Commandant in St. Augustine, who paid a premium to the Indians for such horrid and disgusting trophies.

From the vicinity of this dreadful massacre, the parents of Mrs. Johns escaped in a boat, and fled to Pearson’s Island, on the sea coast, a distance of about fifty miles.

The sufferings of Mrs. Hall at this time must have been very great, exposed as she was, in an open boat, to the alternate effects of heavy rains and a scorching sun, for many hours, in a very enfeebled state of health- and scarcely had these unfortunate people landed upon this hitherto uninhabited and desolate Island, than Mrs., H was warned by nature that an addition would be made to its population. A bench was hastily formed of such boards as could be procured from the boat which conveyed them hither, raised sufficiently high to keep Mr. H. from the wet earth; and upon this rude construction, with no other canopy than that of heaven, was the unfortunate subject of this narrative ushered into a world of trial and trouble, August 23rd, 1813.

As speedily as possible after this sudden event, a tenement was formed of the bark of pine trees and palmetto leaves, in which the family resided from August to the succeeding January.

Chapter II
Confidence being again restored Mr. and Mrs. Hall returned to within a few miles of where they formerly dwelt, and settled upon a wild romantic spot called “Sweet Water Branch.” Here they remained until April 16, 1821, when this persecuted family were again startled from their tranquil by the appalling war-whoop, to them undoubtedly terrific from the painful associations of past events. A second time did they escape, hurrying with them little Jane, now in her eighth year. In this attack, her brother fell by the hands of merciless savage, and her uncle received three desperate wounds from their unerring rifles- one ball fractured his arm, a second passed through his leg, and a third through the hip-bone. Again were the ears of these persecuted people assailed by the dying shrieks of their expiring neighbors, for they distinctly heard the vain screams and cries for help of two young ladies, and their mother (Mrs. Lane) who were then being butchered by Indians.

Screened from the keen eyes of their barbarous enemies by the mantle of darkness, saying in the language of Scripture, “Come let us return unto the Lord, for he hath torn and he will heal us; he hath smitten and he will bind us up”- they now sought refuge on the eastern side of the river St. John, where sickness succeeded their recent afflictions, and the family consequently removed to the vicinity of St. Mary’s river, and there remained until peace was once more arranged between the red and white man. Mr. Hall and his family then retired in to the interior, and established a farm at Alachua, upon the banks of New River- here Miss Jane Hall remained until her marriage, which took place in January, 1836. She now became the wife of Mr. Clement Johns, a young man of excellent character and of industrious habits. The first essay in life of this young couple, was to rent a farm, and were in the way of obtaining a comfortable maintenance, when they were suddenly and unexpected surrounded by Indians.

As corroborating testimony of the courage, suffering, and almost unprecedented preservation of Mrs. Johns from death, and escape from the hands of a more than brutal foe, we will take a statement of the circumstance relative to this horrible epoch in the life of Mrs. Johns, as related in the Journal of Dr. Andrew Welch, Post Surgeon to the Military Station at the city of Jacksonville, East Florida.

Chapter III Extract from the Journal of Dr. Welch

“On Saturday, Sept. 17, 1836, I was requested by a committee, formed of the most respectable inhabitants of this city (Jacksonville), to visit Mrs. Johns, who it was reported on good authority, had recently dangerously wounded and scalped by Indians. I immediately complied.
“Sept. 18- Early this morning we proceeded by an unfrequent trail through the dreary and monotonous pine forest, until we arrived at the still burning embers of the fire which had consumed the greater portion of the body of poor Mr. Johns.
“The house in which he and his affectionate young wife had so lately dwelt in all the bliss of early wedded love, was now nought but a few smouldering ruins, in the centre of which a few bricks pointed out the spot where lied buried, a portion only, of the remains of one who but a few days since, lived in health and high hope of reaping the fruits of honest labor- the surrounding cultivation showed evidence of his industry and enterprise.
“Never did I behold a more melancholy or wilder scene than that on which I now gazed in sadness- in one spot I saw some calcined human bones left unsepulchred, being too fragile to remove- they pulverized at the touch. In another place, I noticed fragments of glasses, plates, and other articles of domestic use, from which, but a few hours previous, this fond young couple had received in thankfulness, their daily sustenance- upon the stump of a pine tree I found some remains of hair- here the murderous villains had severed from the scalp of the yet living widow, her long, and lately so much admired tresses…



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…




The Martin Griner Family
Sarah Jane Alderman was born to Samuel and Sarah Chestnut Alderman in 1822. Sarah Jane Griner died 23 June 1869 in Oak, Marion County, Florida.

Martin and Sarah had the following children:
i. Nathaniel G.H. Griner (11) born 1844 and died 1867.
ii. Mary Ann Griner (12) born 1846 and died 1885.
iii. Henry Robert Griner born 1848 and died 1924.
iv. Sarah Martha Griner born 1849 and died 1926.
v. Laura Virginia Griner born 1851 and died 1888.
vi. Jonathan Samuel Griner born 1856 and died 1927.
vii. James Buchanan Griner (13) born 1859 and died 1935.
viii. Kerby Adolphus Griner born 1861 and died 1931.
ix. Lavinia Lee Griner born 1863 and died 1939.
*Sarah Jane Alderman Griner’s lineage is listed in Chapter VI and VIII.

My research began with the Martin Griner family, which is the same genealogy chart that first interested me when I was a child. There are several folklore stories that exist on this family. I have been unable to verify the origins of these stories. First, there is the story of Martin Griner’s glass eye- this was told to me by Bob Griner. He heard the following story from the now deceased relative Walter Burke of Florida-
“He worked the slaves, and the one thing Walter told me that I think of a lot was the story about Martin's glass eye. It seems he would remove it and place it on a stump or post or whatever was handy and tell the slaves, who were very superstitious 'that they had better get their work done because he would be watching them even though he had to go to another field or place to oversee another endeavor,' and it is said they would work just as hard as they would if he had been there.”

In 1855, Martin Griner, his wife Sarah, and their 5 children moved to Marion County, Florida near the city of Ocala. They settled in the small community called Oak, near the Anthony community. Sarah’s brother Hiram Alderman is said arrived about the same time.

I have read where it is estimated that both families arrived around 1853. This is incorrect. The document on the next page (page 152) is where Martin Griner was released as the guardian of David and Sarah Brinson in January 1855 in Bulloch County, Georgia. The 1855 Census list Martin Griner in Marion County, Florida. The Marion County Census Act wasn’t signed by the Governor until January 13, 1855, so the census was taken after that day- which gives Martin Griner plenty of time to move to Georgia and get settled.

The ‘Martin Griner and Brinson Children Document’ on the following page outlines the plantation, slaves, and notes from the James Brinson estate (children’s father). Martin Griner turned over the notes and property to the new guardian of the children Hardy B. Hodges. There is no documentation were Martin Griner was dismissed as their guardian- but we do know from legal records that Mr. Hodges took over guardianship and the underage children were living with the Hodge family in the 1860 census.


Griner Farm School



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



Mernice Linton Griner (born 1884/died 1966), son of James Buchanan Griner (14), wrote the following:
“My father James Buchanan Griner was born 11th March 1859 at the Griner Plantation five miles north of Ocala, Marion County, Florida. His father was Martin Griner and his mother’s name, Sarah Jane Alderman.

“Grandfather Griner was a prosperous and highly respected plantation owner. He owned a number of negro slaves; and when the slaves of the South were freed, Grandfather (Martin Griner) gave each family a choice of moving off the plantation or remaining. Those who decided to remain on the premises were given plots of ground on which they could farm and maintain their families. Many took the Griner name as they didn’t have any.

“My father knew practically nothing about the ancestry of either of his parents; his mother (Sarah Jane Alderman) passed away when he was only 10 years old, and his father (Martin Griner) passed away three years later.

“Grandmother Griner is buried on the old Griner Plantation; I have visited the spot of the unmarked grave. My grandfather is buried at Plantation Farm, also.” >BR>
Martin Griner built a school house for his children and his neighbors’ children on his property on what is now West Anthony Road in Ocala, Florida. The children studied Noah Webster’s Blue Back Speller and the Griner and the Leitner children were said to be good students, according to the Leitner Family Book. The one room school house was known as the ‘Oak Griner Farm School’ and also served as a church for a short time.
(See Appendix pages 355-357 for more on Blue Back Speller.)

The Leitner Family in Florida book reads:
“Grandmother, Mary Ann Griner Leitner by Kathleen Leitner Holden
Mary Ann’s father Martin Griner, gave some land on his farm on the West Anthony Road and built a one-room school house for his children and the neighbor’s children. It wasn’t very long after the school was built that Mr. and Mrs. Griner died. People said they died of grief over changed conditions in the South—slaves gone, land neglected, loss of property, lack of money. It’s said that when the Griner girls faced the fact there was no one to wash their clothes for them they just sat down and cried, but they were told that they might just as well get busy—no more fine clothes or theatre parties, but work ahead.”

The book Oak-Griner Baptist Church- A Sixty Year History – 1915 to 1975 by J. Leland Luffman states that the ‘Griner Farm settlement reached the present day church location to about a mile and a half radius. It was composed of small farms and the oldest and possibly the largest being the Griner Farm located to the west.’ The Griner Farm school building was moved to a new location in 1900 and another room was added and the building was renovated into a modern building for that time. Mr. Luffman also writes that the Griner school taught children until the eighth grade and it was used for all community meetings, social, political, and religious.



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…




Samuel Alderman Poem


Samuel Alderman Poems Transcribed

1. When my poor soul was first alarmed
My wretched state
I thought that something must be done
or I should surely die
Then I began to read and pray
The law some vent? to give
Perform’d some duty day by day
or which I hope’d to live.
2. This cobweb have? a crazy roof
I sheltered here to dwell
And vanely dreamed it would stand proof
Gainst all the powers of hell
3. Amon the law awoke my fears
By throwing its ______
Consum’d my house around my ears
With vengeance fire and flames
4. The voice of God from Sinais Mount
With terror filled my soul
The law brought in that dire account
Like blazing thunder roll
5. The law with death and vegence too
It cursed me to my face
Within my gaping ______ for you
6. There is a firey place
That aweful word I heard with dread
The soul that sins shall die
My former hope were all struck dead
This I began to cry
7. Lord pity my disbeliefs? soul
Shew mercy else I die
They righteousness law appears to broad
For me to satisfy
8. This monstrous sin has stung my soul
Commission’d from the law
And I my wretched state console
In every breath I draw.
9. Twas from the law I drew my breath
In every time of need
Alas my life has prov’d my death
A sad mistake indeed




SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



Obituary for Sarah Chestnut Alderman from For the Excelsior News: IN MEMORIAM.
"Mrs. Sarah Alderman died June 23d, 1879 in the 88th year of her age. She was born in Samson County, N. C. Jan. 19th 1792, and was married to Samuel Alderman in 1812 and moved with her husband to Bulloch County, Ga., in 1813, and settled on the place where they lived till the time of their death. (He died Dec. 1850) Mr. and Mrs. Alderman raised 13 children from whom, it was known at the time of her death, had sprung seventy seven grandchildren, one hundred and fifty great grandchildren, thirteen great great grandchildren, making one large family of two hundred and fifty three; among whom are some of the most worthy citizens of Bulloch County. She was a lady highly esteemed by all who knew her for her intelligence, industry and many personal virtues. She was a great sufferer, having suffered with a cancer on the face for the last thirty years, which had been very severe for the last five years, and for some time before her death had not only disfigured her face but made it almost impossible for her to take any nourishment, beside depriving her of the use of speech, all of which she bore with a fortitude almost beyond comparison. "Thus she lived, and thus hath passed away, one of the oldest inhabitants of Bulloch Co. May she rest in peace. A friend. Statesboro, Ga. Aug. 30, 1879."


Shermans’s Bummers at the Alderman Place
By Smith C. Banks

Sarah Chestnut Alderman, our widowed ancestor grandmother, and Aunt Fronie (Saphronia), Sarah's youngest daughter, were at home when Sherman's bummers came to their house. All the men were away in the war. The ladies had buried what valuables they had in the blanket chest. This is a six-board pine chest. They would not have had great treasure to bury. They were subsistence farmers, although they probably had more than most of their neighbors. I do know that they owned several slaves. Buried in the chest was probably Grandma's wedding ring, some money, (remember that by that time Confederate money was almost worthless) I think some of the bedding, including the coverlet that you saw the framed piece was also in the chest. Maybe some salt. That was so scarce - I know my other ancestors tried to hide their salt. Just imagine what you would want to hide if it was you.

The Yankees took any and everything that they wanted. What they could not steal, they destroyed. They took all food items for themselves and their animals. It had been a very good crop year in 1864 and we are told that the smoke houses were full of cured meat and the barns were full of corn, hay and fodder. With the men at war, most of the farming was done by the women and children -- they were doing men's work! The Yankees emptied everything. They took the horses, mules, wagons, carts, everything that could haul anything. Remember that the yanks had horses that had to be fed, too. We are told that they had fun shooting the hogs, chickens and other animals. They cut the hams off the hogs and left the rest to rot. If a horse was too old, in some places they would run their sword up into the heart of the animal to kill it...



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



William Spencer
Sarah Jane Alderman Griner’s ancestry to William Spencer:

Parents are Samuel Alderman & Sarah Chestnut.
Grandparents are David Alderman & Jemima Hall.
Great-Grandparents are Daniel Alderman, Sr & Abigail Harris.
Second Great-Grandparents are Thomas Alderman & Mary Seagrave.
Third Great-Grandparents are William Alderman, Sr. & Mary Case.
Fourth Great-Grandparents John Case & Sarah Spencer.
Fifth Great-Grandparents William Spencer & Agnes Harris.

__________

William Spencer Lineage
Gerrard Spencer came to America with his five sons John, Thomas, William, Michael, and Gerrard, Jr and settled in Cambridge, MA in 1632. Gerrard, Sr. was baptized at Statford, England in 1576.

Michael Spencer of Edworth and Stotfold married Ann Liner, then his second wife was named Elizabeth. Their children were Gerrard, William, Thomas, Elizabeth, John, Henry, Richard, and Michael. Gerrard, William, John, and Michael emigrated to Massachusetts or Connecticut. The other remaining children remained in England.

Sarah Spencer’s father William Spencer came to America in 1632 with his family. Their family ancestry is recorded back to eleventh century England. He is recorded as taking the freeman’s oath in 1633 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. William was also a first founders of the military company “The Ancient and Honorable Company of Artillery of Boston, Mass.” Eventually he was appointed Lieutenant of the Military Company of Newton. William was one of the first settlers of Hartford, Connecticut and was appointed a Representative to the General Court of Connecticut 1639-1640. He also was appointed to help revise the laws of Connecticut.

The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts is the oldest chartered military organization in the western hemisphere. The charter was granted in March 1638 by the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay and signed by Governor John Winthrop. It was first chartered as an Independent Company to train officers for existing militias. Four United States Presidents have been part of this Company: James Monroe, Chester Alan Arthur, Calvin Coolidge, and John F. Kennedy.
The Armory and Museum is located on the 4th Floor Faneuil Hall in Boston, Massachusetts.
*See Chapter VII for more information and documentation on William Spencer.



The following pages are records where William Spencer was mentioned or held office. The original text was written in Old English- where many words were written as they sounded. I have transcribed theses records to modern day English writing to the best of my ability.
*Below is an example of original text from The Records of the Town of Cambridge (Formerly Newton) Massachusetts 1630-1703 – followed by the transcribed text.

Original Record
The 7 of January 1632
Its ordred that noe perfon whatfoeue[ ] anny houfe in the Bounds of the Towne [ ] leaue from the maiorpart
ffurther it is Agreed by a joynt Confent th/y [ ] Towne fhall not bee Inlarged vntill all [ ] places bee filled wth houfes
ffurther it is Agreed that, all the hou^ [ ] the bounds of the Towne fhalbee Co [ ] flate or board and not wth thach
ffurther It is ordered that all h [ ] Range eevn and ftand Jufb fix [ ] owne ground from the ftreet.
ffurther it is ordred that whofoeue [ ] A lott in the Towne and dooth not [ ] build vppon it wthin six mounths [ ] his lott to whomfoevr will impy

Transcribed Record
The 7th of January 1632
It is ordered that no person whosoever _____ any house in the Bounds of the town _____ leave from the major part.
Further it is Agreed by a joint consent _____ _____ town shall not be enlarged until all _____places be filled with houses.
Further it is Agreed that all the house _____ the bounds of the town shall be _____ _____ slate or board and not with thatch.
Further It is ordered that all houses _____ Range even and stand just fix _____ own ground from the street
Further it is ordered that whosoever ______ a lot in the town and doth not _____ build upon it within six months _____ his lot to whomever will _____.

*Blank spaces are missing words or untranslatable to me. Other considerations are a long ‘s’ was written as a f; ‘fh’ was sh; ‘ft’ was st; and ‘v’ was sometimes u.

__________

The following records transcribed on the pages 298-300 are from:
The Records of the Town of Cambridge (Formerly Newton) Massachusetts 1630-1703

Page 5
The 5th of August 1633
Lotts Granted for Cow Yards: William Spencer 3 rods

Page 12
April 21st 1635
At A General Meeting of the whole town the 20th August 1635. It was ordered that William Spencer and George Steele should measure all the meadow ground undecided belonging to the New Town: when it is measured and decided to every man his proportion they are to: measure every mans _____ and cause takes to be set at each end and to have three pence the acre for the same and whosoever shall not pay for measuring? within one year then the ground to return to them for measuring.
Further it is ordered that the same shall be decided according to every mans _____ proportion hereunder written until it be all disposed of _____.
At a General Meeting of the whole _____ was then chosen to order business of the whole town for the year following and until now be chosen in their Rooms
William Spencer



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



Blue Back Speller
In 1783, Noah Webster first published A Grammatical Institute of the English Language, otherwise known as the Blue Back Speller. His goal was to provide an American and Christ centered education to children. Many of the Founding Fathers used this book to home school their children, including Benjamin Franklin, who taught his granddaughter from this book. I am using this book to teach my younger children.
This book is now reproduced and can be purchased through Amazon.com.
Here are two excerpts from the book I found interesting:

Lesson I.
My son, hear the councel of your father, and forsake not the law of thy mother. If sinners entice thee to sin, consent thou not.
Walk not in the way with them; refrain thy feet from their path, for their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood.
Be not wise in thine own eyes; but be humble.
Let the truth only proceed from thy mouth.- Dispair not the poor, because he is poor; but honor him with honest and just. Envy not the rich, but be content with thy fortune.
Follow peace with all men, and let wisdom direct thy steps. Happy is the man that findeth wisdom. She is more of value than rubies. Length of days is in her right, and in her left hand, riches and honor. Her ways are pleasant, and all her paths are peace. Exhault her and she shall promote thee: She shall bring thee to honor, when thou dost embrace her.
The ways of virtue are pleasant, and lead to life; but they who hate wisdom, love death. Therefore pursue the paths of virtue and peace, then safety and glory will be thy reward. All my delight in upon the saints that are in the earth, and upon such as excel in virtue.

Fable II. The country Maid and her Milk pail
When men suffer their imaginations to amuse them with the prospect of distant and uncertain improvements of their condition, they frequently sustain real losses, by their inattention to those affairs in which they are immediately concerned.
A country Maid was walking very deliberately with a pail of milk upon her head, when she fell in to the following train of reflections: The money for which I shall sell this milk, will enable me to increase my stock of eggs to three hundred. These eggs, allowing for what may prove addle, and what may be destroyed by vermin, will produce at least two hundred and fifty chickens. The chickens will be fit to carry to the market about Christmas when poultry always bears a good price; so that by May day I cannot fail of having money enough to purchase a new gown. Green- le me consider- yes, green becomes my complexion best, and green it shall be. In this dress I will go to the fair, where all the young fellows will strive to have me for a partner; bit I shall perhaps refuse everyone of them, and with an air of disdain toss from them. Transported with this triumphant thought, she could not forbear acting with her head what thus passed in her imagination, when down came the pail of milk, and with all her imaginary happiness.



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



The Bulkeley family derived its name from the town of Bulkeley in Cheshire County, where they are first recorded as feudal lord owner of the manor in 1200. Robert de Bulkileh was lord of the manor in Bulkeley. His father William, legend has it, received a quitclaim from his sisters in 1233. Note: A quitclaim deed is a term used to describe a document by which a person (the "grantor") disclaims any interest the grantor may have in a piece of real property and passes that claim to another person (the grantee). A quitclaim deed neither warrants nor professes that the grantor's claim is actually valid. Quitclaim deeds are sometimes used for transfers between family members, gifts, placing personal property into a business entity, or to eliminate clouds on title, or in other special or unusual circumstances.

The Bulkeley family is mentioned in one of Ralph Waldo Emerson's poems "Hamatreya:"
"Bulkeley, Hunt, Willard, Hosmer, Meriam, Flint,
Possessed the land which rendered to their toil
Hay, corn, roots, hemp, flax, apples, wool and wood.
Where are these men? Asleep beneath their grounds
And strangers, fond as they, their furrows plough.
They added ridge to valley, brook to pond
And sighed for all that bounded their domain.
Each of these landlords walked amidst his farm
Saying 'T' is mine, my children's and my name's"

__________



SAMPLE BOOK PREVIEW CONTINUED…



INDEX

A
Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois, 332 Alan Lord of Galloway, 299, 302, 305 Albert I, the Pious, Count of Vermandois, 333 Alderman, Daniel, 221, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 238, 261, 277, 295, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Alderman, David, 221, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 237, 277, 295 Alderman, Hannah, 224 Alderman, Hiram, 179, 238 Alderman, Samuel, 221, 229, 238, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 270, 272, 273, 277, 295 Alderman, Sarah. See Griner, Sarah Jane Alderman. Alderman, Thomas, 221, 224, 277, 295 Alderman, William, 221, 222, 277 Ann Griner. See Griner, Nancy Kirby Anthony Cemetery, 203 Antonius, Marcus, 390 Austria, 1, 2

B
Banks, Smith C., iii, 268, 270, 271 Battle of Aquae Sextiae, 3 Battle of Eutaw Springs, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 Battle of Olustee, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196 Beaner, Michael, 50, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 black death, 4 Blue Back Speller, 156, 355, 356, 367 Bodegisel I, 334 Bodegisel II, 334 Bornemann, Henrieta, 7 Bornemann, Johann Christoph, 7, 8, 9 Brooks, Miriam, 224, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Bulkeley family, 362 Bulkeley, Doris, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Bulkeley, Edward, 301, 304, 307, 310, 314, 316, 366, 367, 368 Bulkeley, Elizabeth, 364, 365 Bulkeley, Thomas, 301, 304, 307, 310, 313, 316, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368 Burke County, Georgia, 31, 33, 38 Burton, Thomas, 21 Burton’s Ferry, 20, 22, 351

C
Case, Mary, 221, 222, 277 Castle Josselin, 377 Castle of Greinburg, 2 Celtic, 1, 3 Charlemagne, King of the Franks, 296, 334, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 382, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389 Charles II, King of The Franks, 333 Charles III, King of the Franks, 333 Charlton, Anne, 301, 304, 307, 310, 313, 316 Charlton, Richard, 301, 304, 307, 310, 313, 316 Charlton, Robert, 300, 303, 307, 310, 313 Charlton, Thomas, 300, 303, 310, 313 Childebert, King of Cologne, 335 Childeric I, 372 Children’s Crusade, 309 Cloderic, King of Cologne, 335 Clovis I, 373 Clovis, Frankish King of Cologne, 335 Cone, Hannah Greiner, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 Corbet, Mary, 300, 303, 307, 310, 313 Cospatric, Earl of Dunbar, 302, 305 Crinan of Dunbar, 305

D
De Aviles, Pedro Menendez, 18, 132 De Beaumont III, Robert, 3rd Earl of Leicester, 332 De Beaumont, II, Robert, 2nd Earl of Leicester, 332 De Beaumont, Margaret, 308, 332 De Beaumont, Robert, Seigneur of Beaumont, 332 De Charlton, 1st Alan, 300, 303, 306, 310, 313 De Charlton, 2nd Alan, 300, 303, 306, 310, 313 De Charlton, Anna, 300, 303, 306, 310, 313 De Charlton, Thomas, 300, 303, 306, 310, 313 De Grandmesnil, Hugh, 359, 375, 376 De Knightly, William, 300, 303, 306, 310, 313 De Leon, Ponce, 18, 131 De Modburlegh, Emma, 315 De Montfort, Amice, 332 De Narvaez, Panfilo, 131 De Porhoet, Eudo I, 377 De Porhoet, Geoffrey, 377 De Pulford, Joan, 315 De Quincy, Elena, 299, 302, 306, 309 De Quincy, Roger, Earl of Winchester, 299, 302, 305, 308, 309 De Quincy, Saire, Earl of Winchester, 308, 330, 332 De Riddlesford, Emmiline, 312 De Soto, Hernando, 18, 132 De Vermandois, Isabel, Countess of Leicester, 332 De Vexin, Adela, 333 Devereaux, Ela, 312 diseases, 23 Drake, Sir Francis, 133 Duke Ansgise, 334 Dunn, Robert, 21

E
Ebenezer, 7, 10, 15, 17, 24, 339, 341 Eischperger, Mary, 48, 49, 50 Eischperger, Ruprecht, 49, 50 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 362 Emma J. Leitner. See Leitner, Imogene Ann Ethelred II, King of England, 302 Eutaw Springs Battlefield, 100, 102, 104

F
Fisher, Nicholas, 50, 61, 62, 63 fitzAer, Margery, 300, 303, 306, 310, 313 Florida History, 131 Francis, Elizabeth, 300, 303, 307, 310, 313 Franciscan monks, 18 Freinsheim, 5, 24,

G
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 390, 391 Germany, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Greene, Nathaniel, 93, 94, 95, 98, 100 Grein, Austria, 1, 2 Greiner, Andrew, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 Greiner, Barbara, 31, 36, 37, 38 Greiner, Christian Philip, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 111 Greiner, Emanuel, 48, 49, 59 Greiner, Johann Casper, 24 Greiner, John. See Greiner, John Casper Greiner, John Casper born 1710, 24, 25, 29, 30 Greiner, John Casper born 1733, 38, 43 Greiner , John Casper born 1753, 31 Greiner, John Jacob, 48, 59, 60 Greiner, John Martin, 38, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 107, 354 Greiner, Jonathan, 47, 48, 59, 60, 81, 89, 91, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122 Greiner, Mary Magdalena, 38 Greiner, Nancy Kirby, 60 Greiner, Peter Francis, 25, 29, 30 Greiner, Philip Jacob, 24, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 48 Greiner, Salome, 48, 49 Greiner, Samuel, 48, 59, 60 Greiner, Timothy, 48, 59, 60 Grenier, John. See Greiner, John Casper born 1710, 30 Greve, Carolina, 7, 43 Griner Farm, 157 Griner Jr., William J. M., 123, 124 Griner School House. See Oak Griner Farm School Griner, Sr., William J.M., 122, 123, 124, 125, 163, 174, 176, 177, 181, 182, 186, 187, 209 Griner, Alzada, 123, 124 Griner, Amanda, 124 Griner, Charlie B., 123, 124 Griner, Christian Philip, 60, See Christian Philip Greiner Griner, Edith A. See Merriam, Edith Adel Griner, Ella, 122, 124 Griner, Ellen, 113 Griner, Ellen J., 107 Griner, Emmaline, 122, 124 Griner, Floyd Elmer, 207, 210, 211, 214, 215, 218 Griner, Henry L., 123 Griner, Henry Robert, 150, 167, 206 Griner, Henry Rufus, 124 Griner, Irene, 122, 124 Griner, James Buchanan, 150, 155, 167, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 218 Griner, Jincy J., 122, 124 Griner, Joann, 107 Griner, Jonathan See Greiner, Jonathan Griner, Jonathan Samuel, 150, 167 Griner, Kerby Adolphus, 124, 150 Griner, Kirby A. See Griner, Kerby Adolphus Griner, Laura Virginia, 150, 167 Griner, Lavinia Lee, 150 Griner, Lizzie, 122, 124 Griner, Martin, 94, 107, 123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 192, 209, 220 Griner, Mary born 1818, 107 Griner, Mary Ann, 150, 156, 163, 167, 197, 200, 201 Griner, Mary Jane, 122, 124 Griner, Mernice Linton, 155, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 218 Griner, Nancy Kirby, 107, 111, 113 Griner, Nathalee Ophelia, 191 Griner, Nathaniel G.H., 150, 163, 167, 191 Griner, Pearl Janie, 107, 207, 210, 211, 216, 217, 218 Griner, Philip. See Greiner, Philip Griner, Reece James, 207, 208, 210, 216 Griner, Ruby Charlotte, 207, 208, 210, 211, 216, 217, 218 Griner, Sarah Jane Alderman, 149, 150, 156, 163, 167, 168, 221, 238 Griner, Sarah Martha, 150, 167 Griner, Sarah Wilson, 122, 124 Griner, Syrene, 107 Griner, Terressee Ann, 107, 113, 116 Grinet, John. See Greiner, John Martin, 78, 79 Griver, John M. See Greiner, John Martin Grosvenor, Elizabeth, 301, 304, 307, 310, 313, 316, 369 Grosvenor, Randall, 301, 304, 307, 310, 313, 316, 360, 361 Grosvenor, Sir Thomas, 316 Grosvenor, Thomas, 316 Guithenoc, 377, 378 Gunild of Dunbar, 302, 305

H
Haisley, Julia Simmons, 134 Haken, Earl of Orkney, 299 Hakon I, King of Sweden, 299 Hall, Jemima, 221, 229, 235, 237, 277, 295 Hall, Thomas, 235, 236 Harris, Abigail, 221, 224, 225, 277, 295, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Harris, Nathaniel, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Harris, Thomas, 295, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Hellen of Galloway, 305, 309 Henry II, King of England, 312 Herbert III, Count of Vermandois, 333 Herbert IV, Count deVermandois, 333 Hildegarde of Swabia, 334 Hilga of Caithness, 299 Hirshman, Barbara, 31 Hugh Capet, King of France, 370 Hugh the Great, Duke of France, 332 hygiene, 23

I
Illyrians, 1 Indians Calusa, 131 Cherokee, 18 Creek, 18 Late-Archaic, 18 Mississippi Moundbuilders, 18 Tequesta, 131 Timucua, 131 Timucuan, 132 Tocobaga, 131 Woodland Indians, 18 Ingoldsby, Anthony, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Ingoldsby, Olive, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Irby, Olive, 301, 304, 307, 310, 314, 316

J
James, Ruth, 295, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 James, Thomas born 1595, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 James, Thomas born 1621, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Jerusalem Lutheran Church, 11, 12, 13, 16, 50 Johns, Jane Hall, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148 Jones, Ruth, 301, 304, 307, 311, 314, 316 Jordan, Hannah, 111, 112 Josselin Castle, 378 Judith of Bavaria, 333

L
La Zouche, Sir Roger, 303 La Zouche, Alan, 1st Baron Zouche, 299, 302, 306, 309 La Zouche, Alan, Baron of Zouche, 300, 303, 306, 312 La Zouche, Eleana, 300, 303, 306, 310, 313 La Zouche, Sir Roger, Baron Zouche, 300, 306, 309, 312 Lackner, Johanna Christina, 31 Le Grosvenor, 1st Robert, 315 Le Grosvenor, 2nd Robert, 315 Le Grosvenor, 3rd Robert, 315 Le Grosvenor, 4th Robert, 315 Le Grosvenor, Ralf, 315 Le Grosvenor, Randle, 315 Le Grosvenor, Richard, 315 Le Grosvenor, Robert, 315 Leitner, Clarence Gustavus, 197, 198 Leitner, Edgar Nicodemus, 197, 203 Leitner, Flavius Jewette, 197, 204 Leitner, Florence Charlotte, 197, 204 Leitner, Hope Lee, 197, 198 Leitner, Imogene Ann, 197 Leitner, John Daniel, 197, 198, 202 Leitner, John Leonidas, 197, 198, 199 Leitner, Keitte Albert, 197, 198 Leitner, Lawton Daniel, 197, 198 Leitner, Mary Adella, 197, 205 Leitner, Mary Ann. See Griner, Mary Ann Longpsree, Stephen, 312 Longspee, Ela, 300, 303, 306, 309, 312 Longspree, William, Earl of Salisbury, 300, 303, 306, 309, 312 Lord of Galloway, 309 Louis I, King of the Franks, 333 Louis II, King of the Franks, 333 Louis IV, King of Franks, 333

M
Magna Carta, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331 Magnus I, King of Norway, 299 Mainwaring, Anne, 301, 304, 307, 310, 313 Mainwaring, Margaret, 316 Majoribanks, John, 94, 95, 99, 100 Malcolm II, King of Scots, 305, 390, 295 Maldred of Dunbar, 302, 305 Mallett, Louisiana Catherine, 25 Marion, Francis, 93, 94 Martel, Charles, Frankish King, 334, 370, 371 Merovech, 372 Merovingian, 332, 335, 372, 374 Merriam, Edith Adel, 207, 209, 210, 211, 216, 217, 219 Miller, Nathaniel, 54, 59 Moultrie, William, 101 Munderic, 334

N
Northhampton Plantation, 101

O
Oak Griner Farm School, 156, 158, 160, 210 Oak-Griner Baptist Church, 160, 215 Oglethorpe, James, 6, 7, 15, 18, 19 Olave I, 299 Olave, King of Norway, 299 Otho, Count de Vermandois, 333

P
Paul I, Earl of Orkney, 299 Pepin of Heristal, 334 Pepin, The Short, 334 Peschall, Isabelle, 316 Phillips, Adella Hull, 134 plague, 4 Princess Gerberga, 333

R
Reginald Lord of the Isles, 299 Reginald of Man, 299 Regnhild of Norway, 299 Ribault, Jean, 132 River Road, 19, 20, 269 Robert IV, 370 Roland Lord of Galloway, 302, 305 Romans, 1, 2, 3, 5

S
Saint Denis Basilica, 370 Salzburger Monument of Reconciliation, 14, 15 Salzburgers, 6, 10, 11, 14, 17, 49 Santee Limestone, 102, 103 Seagrave, Eleanor, 300, 303, 306, 309, 312 Seagrave, Mary, 221, 224, 277, 295 Siegbert, King of Cologne, 335 Somerled II, Lord of Isles, 299 Spencer, Gerrard, 223, 277 Spencer, Sarah, 222, 277, 288 Spencer, William, 222, 223, 277, 278, 280, 281, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 293 St. Arnulf, 334 St. Jerome, 3 Stewart, Alexander, 93 Stoney Bluff Ferry, 20

T
Taylor, Maria Baker, 134 Teutons, 3 The Doomsday Book, 375 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 100 Townsend, Amanda, 206

U
Uchtred Lord of Galloway, 302, 305 Uchtred, Earl of Northumberland, 302 Ulrsperger, Samuel, 6

V
Venables, Joan, 316 Vicomtes De Porhoet, 299, 300, 302, 306, 309, 377

W
Waldeve of Dunbar, 302, 305 Wantoot Plantation, 99, 100 Waters, Amanda, 113 Wayne, General Anthony, 16 Webster, Noah, 355 Wesley, John, 9, 10, 11 Wilson, Emmaline, 124 Wilson, Martha, 124 Wise, Mary Jane, 122, 123